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The Russian Federation faces important economic and social challenges. By 1998 national income was little more than half its level in 1990. Life expectancy for men is now about 61 years, compared to 65 years a decade ago. The rate of suicide and self-inflicted injuries is more than three times the OECD average and maternal mortality rates are about five times the OECD average. Infectious diseases have increased in prevalence, but real public spending on health care has fallen by nearly one-third. Spending on many other social programmes has fallen even as a percentage of the smaller GDP, yet much expenditure remains inefficient and ineffective in addressing the serious problem of poverty. More than a quarter of the Russian population is poverty-stricken according to official criteria. Average wages are not much more than half of their real level of the early 1990s, and wage and pension arrears have posed serious problems in the recent past. The informal economy has grown significantly. What can be done to address this crisis? This book provides a detailed analysis of the social problems facing the Russian Federation, and develops proposals for continuing reform to improve the economic fundamentals, including the productivity, while at the same time ensuring that social and labour market policies become more effective in helping the poorest Russians. The book also proposes policy reforms to improve the operation of the labour market, to guarantee a package of essential health care services, to address the wide disparities between different regions of the Russian Federation, and to deal with the human crisis experienced by the very poor.

Russia (Federation) -- Economic conditions -- 1991-. --- Russia (Federation) -- Economic conditions. --- Russia (Federation) -- Social conditions -- 1991-. --- Russia (Federation) -- Social conditions. --- Russia (Federation). --- Sociology & Social History --- Social Sciences --- Social Conditions --- Russia (Federation) --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Social Issues/Migration/Health

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This book presents an in-depth historical and analytical review of the reform process in the Russian insurance sector. The report examines the state of the Russian insurance industry, analyses market dynamics and structure, and assesses the major reform initiatives that have occurred in the sector over the past years. Of crucial importance in the reform process was the revision of the organisational structure of the Russian insurance business, improvement of solvency and capitalization requirements for insurance companies, liberalization of the market, and enhancement of supervisory oversight with the establishment of the Federal Service for Insurance Supervision.   The report concludes with a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and insurance market players.  They are designed to further improve the legal and regulatory framework and to strengthen the insurance industry management structure, operational mechanisms and competitive capacity.

Insurance -- Russia. --- Insurance law -- Russia . --- Insurance. --- Finance --- Insurance --- Business & Economics --- Insurance law --- Assurance (Insurance) --- Coverage, Insurance --- Indemnity insurance --- Insurance coverage --- Insurance industry --- Insurance protection --- Mutual insurance --- Underwriting --- Russian Federation

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Small business --- -Small business --- -Entrepreneurship --- -Entrepreneurship --- -Law and legislation --- -Law and legislation --- -Government policy --- -Government policy --- -Poland --- Russia (Federation) --- -Economic policy. --- Economic policy

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Privatization --- Economic stabilization --- Privatisation --- Stabilisation économique --- Russia (Federation) --- Russie --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- politique economique --- reforme economique --- economie de marche libre --- russie --- economisch beleid --- economische hervorming --- vrije markteconomie --- rusland --- Stabilisation économique --- Politique économique

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Since 1992, the Russian Federation has moved away from a command economy and has laid the foundation of a market-based system. This paper examines some of the key fiscal policy issues that arose in 1992-96, the period following the onset of economic liberalization and reform.

Economic order --- Public finance --- Russian Federation --- Fiscal policy --- Taxation --- Russia (Federation) --- Appropriations and expenditures --- Social policy --- -Taxation --- -Expenditures, Public --- -336.2 <470> --- 336.1 <470> --- 36 <470> --- belastingen --- economisch beleid --- fiscaliteit --- Rusland --- politique economique --- politique fiscale --- politique sociale --- russie --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 336.201 --- 338.313 --- 313 --- 336.020 --- 339.21 --- 331.32 --- 330.05 --- 336.30947 --- Government appropriations --- Government expenditures --- Government spending --- Public expenditures --- Public spending --- Spending, Government --- Finance, Public --- Public administration --- Government spending policy --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Revenue --- Economic policy --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--?<470> --- Public finance, government finance in general--?<470> --- Maatschappelijk werk--?<470> --- fiscaal beleid --- sociale politiek --- rusland --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming. --- Kapitalisme. --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën). --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden. --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Government policy --- -Russia (Federation) --- -Appropriations and expenditures --- Working papers --- Appropriations and expenditures. --- Social policy. --- 36 <470> Maatschappelijk werk--?<470> --- 336.1 <470> Public finance, government finance in general--?<470> --- 336.2 <470> Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--?<470> --- 336.2 <470> Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--?<470> --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--?<470> --- Russia --- 336.2 <470> --- Levenswijze en levensstandaard. Levensminimum. sociale indicatoren (Studiën) --- Structuur van de economie --- Omvang, indeling en evolutie van de overheidsuitgaven: algemeenheden --- Fiscaal regime: structuur en evolutie. Fiscale hervorming --- Kapitalisme --- Ongelijkheid en herverdeling van vermogens en inkomens. Inkomensbeleid --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Eluosi (Federation) --- 俄罗斯 (Federation) --- Fiscal policy - Russia (Federation) --- Taxation - Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation) - Appropriations and expenditures --- Russia (Federation) - Social policy --- RF (Russian Federation) --- Россия (Federation) --- Budgeting --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Public finance & taxation --- Pensions --- Budgeting & financial management --- Macroeconomics --- Population & demography --- Pension spending --- Budget planning and preparation --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Aging --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Population and demographics --- Budget --- Expenditures, Public --- Population aging